儿童社区获得性肺炎血清维生素A的变化及与免疫功能相关性

目的 研究社区获得性肺炎(community acquired pneumonia,CAP)患儿血清维生素A(vitamin A,VA)水平及与免疫功能的相关性,为肺炎病情评估提供一定参考。方法 以入住新乡医学院第一附属医院PICU的63例重度社区获得性肺炎(severe community acquired pneumonia, SCAP)患儿(SCAP组)、普通儿科病区的30例轻度社区获得性肺炎(mild community acquired pneumonia, MCAP)患儿(MCAP组),以及同期体检的30名健康儿童(对照组)为研究对象,检测其血清中VA和免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)G、IgA、IgM水平,及SCAP组体内T淋巴细胞亚群(总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8),并对SCAP组体内VA水平及以上指标的相关性进行分析。结果 3组性别和年龄差异无统计学意义;血清中VA的平均含量分别为0.36、0.25和0.19 mg/L,CAP组VA的含量较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。根据WHO推荐的VA诊断标准,3组VA临床缺乏/亚临床缺乏率分别为10.00%、36.67%和61.90%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CAP组血清中Ig水平较对照组明显降低,且SCAP组明显低于MCAP组(P<0.05)。SCAP组血中总T淋巴细胞、CD4、CD8和CD4/CD8的平均水平分别为53.28%、30.26%、20.24%和1.59;分析VA水平与免疫相关指标关系发现VA水平与Ig(IgG、IgA、IgM)水平、总T淋巴细胞、CD4呈正相关,与CD8水平不相关。结论 肺炎患儿血清VA水平与病情严重程度及机体免疫功能相关。     

基于核心素养的中职化学说课设计——以助产专业“水的电离和溶液的酸碱性”为例

以中职助产专业化学课程中“水的电离和溶液的酸碱性”为例,紧紧围绕中等职业学校化学课程标准,从教材、学情、教法学法、教学过程、教学反思5个方面进行说课设计,让相对独立的化学学科核心素养相互交融,形成一个有机整体。     

An epidemiologic study of sleep-disordered breathing in a large sample of Chinese adolescents

Journal of Public Health - Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common among adolescents and is associated with short- and long-term consequences. Data on the prevalence and epidemiologic...     

洋金花中化学成分的分离鉴定

目的：对洋金花正丁醇部位化学成分进行分离鉴定研究。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱，ODS柱色谱，硅胶薄层色谱，高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行分离纯化，结合1H-NMR、13C-NMR、MS等波谱学数据进行结构鉴定。结果：从洋金花药材粗提液中提取到了11个化合物。分别鉴定为：生物碱类：(S)-(-)-2-phenylpropionitrile(1)、merobatzelladine A(2)、木兰花碱(3)、crotonine(4)、cyclo（Phe-Leu)(5)、pyrrolezanthine(6)、(E,E)-N,N-dityramin-4,4''-dihydroxy-3,5''-dimethoxy-β,3''-bicinnamamide(7)、N1,N5,N10 tri-p-coumaroylspermidine(8)、7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-me-thoxyphenyl)-N2,N3-bis(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxa-mide(9)。其他类：p-hydroxyb-enzoyl p-coumaric acid anhydride(10)、methyl(Z)-9-octadeceno-ate(11)。结论：从茄科中首次分离得到11种化合物。     

American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors

The overall 5-year relative survival rate for all cancers combined is now 68%, and there are over 16.9 million survivors in the United States. Evidence from laboratory and observational studies suggests that factors such as diet, physical activity, and obesity may affect risk for recurrence and overall survival after a cancer diagnosis. The purpose of this American Cancer Society guideline is to provide evidence-based, cancer-specific recommendations for anthropometric parameters, physical activity, diet, and alcohol intake for reducing recurrence and cancer-specific and overall mortality. The audiences for this guideline are health care providers caring for cancer survivors as well as cancer survivors and their families. The guideline is intended to serve as a resource for informing American Cancer Society programs, health policy, and the media. Sources of evidence that form the basis of this guideline are systematic literature reviews, meta-analyses, pooled analyses of cohort studies, and large randomized clinical trials published since 2012. Recommendations for nutrition and physical activity during cancer treatment, informed by current practice, large cancer care organizations, and reviews of other expert bodies, are also presented. To provide additional context for the guidelines, the authors also include information on the relationship between health-related behaviors and comorbidities, long-term sequelae and patient-reported outcomes, and health disparities, with attention to enabling survivors' ability to adhere to recommendations. Approaches to meet survivors' needs are addressed as well as clinical care coordination and resources for nutrition and physical activity counseling after a cancer diagnosis.     

Automating Scoliosis Measurements in Radiographic Studies with Machine Learning: Comparing Artificial Intelligence and Clinical Reports

Journal of Digital Imaging - Scoliosis is a condition of abnormal lateral spinal curvature affecting an estimated 2 to 3% of the US population, or seven million people. The Cobb angle is the...     

迭代重建技术对双低剂量肺动脉CT血管造影图像质量分析

目的分析迭代重建技术对双低剂量肺动脉CT血管造影(CTA)检查图像质量的影响。 方法选取2018年2月至2021年2月我院行肺动脉CTA检查73例，随机分为对照组35例，观察组38例。对照组采用常规剂量滤波反投影重建，观察组采用双低剂量iDose⁴迭代重建技术。比较两组图像参数[背景噪声值(BN)、肺动脉CT值平均值(SI_vessel)、信噪声比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)]、辐射剂量[容积CT剂量指数(CTDI_vol)、剂量长度指数(DLP)、有效吸收剂量(ED)]及图像质量，并分析典型病例的影像学表现。 结果观察组BN、SI_vessel、SNR、CNR参数高于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组CTDI_vol、DLP、ED辐射剂量低于对照组(P<0.05)；观察组图像质量优良率94.74%高于对照组77.14%(P<0.05)。 结论迭代重建技术应用于双低剂量肺动脉CTA检查中能降低辐射剂量，提高信噪比，改善图像质量。     

10例Alagille综合征患儿行肝移植的围手术期护理

总结10例Alagille综合征患儿行肝移植术的围手术期护理经验。护理要点包括：多器官功能评估，做好术前护理；早期营养评估，启动个体化营养干预；精准容量管理，保证脏器最佳灌注；采取多形式隔离措施，加强感染预防与控制；实施预见性心理护理，缓解患儿不良情绪；采用多模式随访管理，提供延续护理服务。经过精心的治疗护理，10例患儿均康复出院，随访2个月至1年，恢复良好。